ASO-S heads into space this autumn to observe the next solar maximum, a period of increased flares and sunspots predicted to peak in 2025. The data will help scientists understand turbulent space weather that can knock out power grids on Earth.

A massive analysis of 84 previous studies suggests there is no benefit in taking beta carotene, or vitamins D and E, for preventing heart disease and cancer. In most healthy adults, key vitamins and minerals can be obtained from a well-balanced diet and daily early morning sunlight, a doctor says.

Optical atomic clock will be delivered to Tiangong in October if it clears technical evaluation next week, according to scientist familiar with project. It is designed to achieve accuracy of one quintillionth of a second – equivalent to losing or gaining one second every 30 billion years.

Anthea Rowan asks whether understanding her mother’s depression can help protect her against developing dementia. A strong link is seen between depression and dementia; socialising, brisk walks, watching your weight, drinking less alcohol and not smoking may lower the risk.